Surface Mining Reclaimed

HAZARD, Ky. -- As attacks on mountaintop-removal mining in Appalachia have grown increasingly sharp, the coal industry and its supporters have defended the practice by saying that reclaimed mine areas provide flat land for development in a …

Oct 05, 2010· The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States. SMCRA created two programs: one for regulating active coal mines and a second for coal mine reclamation of abandoned mine lands.

surface mining operations will be, are being, or have been conducted, including private ways and roads appurtenant to any such area, land excavations, workings, mining waste, and areas in which structures, facilities, equipment, machines, tools, or other materials or property which result from, or are used in, surface mining operations are located.

Five different, newly reconstructed soil units on surface-mined land and three undisturbed (cultivated, but not mined) soil units were defined and characterized. Selected properties of the reclaimed soils were compared with those of nearby undisturbed soils to determine what changes took place ...

A Photo of a surface coal mine operation after mining was stopped, but before any reclamation had started. The finished, reclaimed mine, with the land fully restored to a very useful state by the mining company.

Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation in ND ... •Federal Surface Mining Control and ... Reclaimed Land is completely altered

The Mining and Reclamation Division regulates all surface mines in the state as provided for in the Mississippi Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1977 ...

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) provides authority for the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) to implement a Federal regulatory program in the states without approved regulatory programs.

Surface mining accounted for 50 percent of annual production in 1943 and 99 percent or more by 1967. Today surface mining continues to be the primary mining method used in the state. (Schematic cross sections showing stages of surface mining for coal.

Mining is a temporary activity, with the operating life of a mine lasting from a few years to several decades. Mine closure occurs once the mineral resource at a working mine is exhausted, or operations are no longer profitable.

Returning Mined Land to Productivity ... since the passage of the 1977 Surface Mining ... One thought on “ Returning Mined Land to Productivity Through Reclamation ...

Changes in the extent of surface mining and reclamation in the Central Appalachians detected using a 1976–2006 ... Reclaimed mines were split into three ...

Unless reclaimed, surface mining can leave behind large areas of infertile waste rock, as 70% of material excavated is waste. [citation needed] In the United States, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 mandates reclamation of surface coal mines.

Surface mining is forms of mining in ... Surface mines are naturally ... Another positive impact of Mountain mining is that the reclaimed area is suitable for many ...

The Railroad Commission's newest regulatory division, Surface Mining and Reclamation, began operation January 1, 1976, as a result of the "Texas Surface Mining and Reclamation Act" approved by the 64th Texas Legislature in June, 1975.

The Surface Coal Mining Land Conservation and Reclamation Act was passed on June 1, 1980, to be implemented with adoption of the permanent regulatory program. In May 1982, the Secretary of the Department of the Interior approved the Illinois program, thus implementing the permanent regulatory program for surface coal mining and …

Office of Surface Mining BH - 30 Bureau Highlights Reclamation and Enforcement office of surface mining reclamation and enforcement facts • Created in 1977 when Congress enacted the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act.

The DMRE is also responsible for regulating and enforcing the surface mining reclamation laws for non-coal mining sites in the state, including limestone, sand, gravel, shale and the surface effects of dredging river sand and gravel.

Mining is the search for, extraction, and processing of valuable materials from the earth's crust. Surface and underground mining are currently the most commonly employed methods for accessing ore, minerals, or other metal and nonmetal commodities.

surface mining operations will be, are being, or have been conducted, including private ways and roads appurtenant to any such area, land excavations, workings, mining waste, and areas in which structures, facilities, equipment, machines, tools, or other materials or property which result from, or are used in, surface mining operations are located.

Download Citation on ResearchGate | Runoff Curve Numbers for Reclaimed Surface Mines in Pennsylvania | The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires evaluation of pre- and postmining hydrology for design of runoff and sediment control structures on mined land.

1 Mapping Vegetation Change on a Reclaimed Surface Mine Using Quickbird1 by Michael Shank2 Abstract. This paper looks at two methods for visualizing and mapping

The state surface mining reclamation permit issued by DNR to the permit holders applies to most of the surface mines in Washington. RCWs & WACs sm The Surface Mining Act is a reclamation law that requires a permit for each mine that: (1) results in more than 3 acres of mine-related disturbance, or (2) has a high-wall that is both higher than 30 …

Basic information about how we regulate surface coal mining in Appalachia.

HAZARD, Ky. -- As attacks on mountaintop-removal mining in Appalachia have grown increasingly sharp, the coal industry and its supporters have defended the practice by saying that reclaimed mine areas provide flat land for development in a …

Jul 01, 2018· Surface mining is a method of mining used to extract minerals and metals near the ... The damage caused to the environment if the mine is not reclaimed, ...

Farm Management Practices for . Reclaimed . Cropland. ... The recovery of coal by surface mining ... Soils reclaimed after mining

458. Surface Mine Reclamation. Timothy J. Kemmis, Robert A. Bauer, and Zakaria Lasemi. 30. I. ntroductIon. The coal and aggregate mining industries are vital to

The Surface Mine Reclamation Program (SMRP) is part of the Washington Geological Survey within the Washington Department of Natural Resources. The program was created in 1971 after the legislature created the Surface Mining Act. The SMRP makes sure that all lands and waters within the state are protected and reclaimed after mining …

The U.S. Government's Official Website for the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE). OSMRE's business practices are to reclaim abandoned mine lands (Title IV), regulate active coal mines (Title V), and apply sound science through technology transfer.

Surface mining is subject to state and federal reclamation requirements, but adequacy of the requirements is a constant source of contention. Unless reclaimed, surface mining can leave behind large areas of infertile waste rock, as 70% of material excavated is waste.

“The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977: A 30th Anniversary Review” July 25, 2007. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, it is a great honor to appear before you today as a witness for the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) on the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of …

In West Virginia, the main uses for reclaimed mining sites are recreational, farming, and military training. One such farming use is the growing of lavender. There are many different types of lavender but surprisingly, they all thrive in the dry rocky soil that surface mining leaves behind.

Coal mine reclamation is the rehabilitation of land after coal mining operations have stopped. It is a requirement of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977. As mining operations cease bulldozers and …

Photo: Vic Davis, Office of Surface Mining. This reclaimed area in Tennessee has received final bond release. Species include those that have been planted ...

U.S. mining companies have reclaimed more than 2.6 million acres of mined land over the last 35 years and have contributed nearly $10 billion for the reclamation of areas mined decades ago before reclamation was a common practice and legal requirement.

A successfully reclaimed mining site can be valuable to a community long after mining operations have ceased. Several examples have been provided of successfully reclaimed lands; the final results for these projects included much needed grazing land, a unique park, a research project, and agriculture.

Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation Programs. ... Much of the land disturbed by surface mining for coal prior to 1948 was not reclaimed after mining.